Health topics
Women's and reproductive health
Explore menstrual, ovarian, pelvic, uterine and fertility conditions, distinct from pregnancy-related emergencies.
Overview
About women's and reproductive health
Reproductive health includes menstrual and ovulatory function, fertility, the uterus, ovaries and pelvic health. Similar symptoms may have different causes, and diagnosis relies on clinical history, examination and appropriate investigations. Pregnancy-related complications are grouped separately but can appear as related topics.
Menstrual, ovulatory and ovarian conditions
7 references
Abnormal uterine bleeding
Condition→Abnormal uterine bleedingHeavy, irregular and intermenstrual bleeding, anemia, diagnostic work-up and cause-directed treatment.
Dysmenorrhea
Condition→DysmenorrheaPrimary menstrual cramps and secondary period pain from endometriosis or other pelvic disease, with NSAID and hormonal treatment.
Anovulation
Failure to ovulate, often presenting with irregular or absent cycles or infertility; evaluation identifies PCOS, hypothalamic, thyroid, prolactin or ovarian causes.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Condition→Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)Irregular ovulation, androgen-related symptoms, metabolic risk, diagnosis, symptom management and fertility care.
Ovarian cysts
Condition→Ovarian cystsCommon ovarian cyst types, symptoms, ultrasound assessment, watchful waiting and urgent warning signs.
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Condition→Premature ovarian insufficiencyPremature ovarian insufficiency before age 40, menstrual changes, fertility, hormone therapy and long-term health.
Diminished ovarian reserve
Condition→Diminished ovarian reserveLow ovarian reserve, AMH and AFC interpretation, age, IVF response and the distinction from premature ovarian insufficiency.
Uterine and pelvic conditions
5 references
Endometriosis
Condition→EndometriosisEvidence-based condition reference.
Uterine fibroids
Condition→Uterine fibroidsHeavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pressure, ultrasound diagnosis, medication, myomectomy and other treatment options.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Condition→Pelvic inflammatory diseasePelvic pain, clinical diagnosis, prompt antibiotics, partner management and reproductive complications.
Hydrosalpinx
Condition→HydrosalpinxFluid-filled damaged fallopian tube, infertility and IVF effects, imaging, salpingectomy, tubal occlusion and selected aspiration.
Leukorrhea (vaginal discharge)
Descriptive term for vaginal discharge; often physiologic, but new odor, color, irritation, pain or bleeding warrants cause-specific evaluation.
Fertility and evaluation
6 references
Female infertility
Condition→Female infertilityFemale fertility causes, ovulation, ovarian reserve, tubal testing, age and treatment pathways including IUI and IVF.
Infertility
Condition→InfertilityDefinition, male and female causes, couple-level fertility assessment, IUI, IVF and when to seek evaluation.
Anovulatory infertility
Condition→Anovulatory infertilityAbsent or irregular ovulation, endocrine causes, cycle clues, fertility testing, cause-specific treatment and ovulation induction.
Tubal factor infertility
Condition→Tubal factor infertilityBlocked or damaged fallopian tubes, HSG and contrast testing, proximal and distal disease, tubal surgery, IVF and ectopic risk.
Unexplained infertility
Condition→Unexplained infertilityDiagnosis of exclusion after standard fertility testing, prognosis, expectant management, stimulated IUI and IVF.
Recurrent pregnancy loss
Condition→Recurrent pregnancy lossRepeated pregnancy loss, evidence-based evaluation, possible uterine, genetic, endocrine and antiphospholipid factors, treatment and support.
For diagnosis, treatment information and clinical sources, see the individual condition references. This page is a topical directory, not a clinical care guide.